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- BUSINESS, Page 46Out of Sight, Out of Mind
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- The S & L bailout looks bold, but it hides the full costs
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- "With this bill's substantial funding, we will begin, here
- and now, to eliminate the ongoing losses of the insolvent firms
- . . . I'm proud to sign this monster." So said President Bush
- last week as he stamped into law his long-awaited and much
- debated savings-and-loan bailout bill. The legislation, which
- will rescue ailing thrifts at a cost estimated at $300 billion
- over the next 30 years, promises to transform the S & L business
- into a far smaller -- and potentially stronger -- industry. The
- law will also impose a sweeping reorganization on the
- Government's thrift regulators: the Federal Home Loan Bank
- Board, now independent, will become a Treasury Department agency
- called the Office of Thrift Supervision.
-
- While the bailout has bold ambitions, its financing is
- based on a dismaying kind of budgetary sleight of hand that
- hides the real cost from taxpayers. Of the $50 billion that the
- Government will spend on the bailout in this fiscal year, $30
- billion will be borrowed through bond sales and will be
- considered "off budget." It will not be counted as Government
- spending and will not exacerbate this year's federal deficit.
- The remaining $20 billion will be in the budget, but slipped in
- through a loophole in the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings law, so that the
- spending will not push the fiscal '89 deficit over the statutory
- limits and trigger automatic budget cuts. As a result, the '89
- deficit will grow to about $168 billion, $30 billion over the
- target.
-
- Congressional Democrats wanted to put the full $50 billion
- in the budget, but Republicans balked, accusing the Democrats
- of attempting to embarrass the Administration by overstating
- the bailout's immediate price tag. Putting $30 billion off
- budget, however, will increase the eventual cost of this year's
- bailout expenditures by an estimated $3 billion over the next
- three decades. That is because the off-budget money will have
- to be borrowed by the Resolution Funding Corporation, the
- Government agency responsible for restructuring the thrift
- industry, which will have to pay investors higher interest rates
- than the Treasury pays for on-budget borrowing. As a result, the
- S & L rescue's first installment is a case of bail now, pay
- later.
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